During his rule the Harari people were persecuted and many left the Harari Region. He has been criticized by some historians for his suppression of rebellions among the landed aristocracy (the mesafint), which consistently opposed his reforms some critics have also criticized Ethiopia's failure to modernize rapidly enough. The Rastafari movement was founded in Jamaica sometime around 1930 and its followers are estimated at between 700,000 and one million as of 2012. This distinction notwithstanding, he was a Christian and adhered to the tenets and liturgy of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Īmong some members of the Rastafari movement, Haile Selassie is referred to as the returned messiah of the Bible, God incarnate. Haile Selassie was assassinated on 27 August 1975. In 1974, he was overthrown in a military coup by a Marxist–Leninist junta, the Derg. In 1963, he presided over the formation of the Organisation of African Unity, the precursor of the African Union, and served as its first chairman. Haile Selassie's internationalist views led to Ethiopia becoming a charter member of the United Nations.
He dissolved the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea, which was established by the UN General Assembly in 1950, and annexed Eritrea into Ethiopia as one of its provinces, while fighting to prevent secession. In 1940, he traveled to Sudan in order to assist in coordinating the anti-fascist struggle in Ethiopia, and returned to his home country in 1941 after the East African campaign. He led the failed efforts to defend Ethiopia during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and spent most of the period of Italian occupation exiled in England.
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Haile Selassie attempted to modernize the country through a series of political and social reforms, including the introduction of the 1931 constitution, its first written constitution, and the abolition of slavery. He was a member of the Solomonic dynasty which claims to trace lineage to Emperor Menelik I, believed to be the son of King Solomon and Makeda the Queen of Sheba.
Haile Selassie is widely considered a defining figure in modern Ethiopian history, and the key figure of Rastafari, a religious movement in Jamaica which emerged shortly after he became emperor in the 1930s. He raised to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia ( Enderase) for Empress Zewditu from 1916. Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ, romanized: Qädamawi Häylä Səllasé, Amharic pronunciation: ( listen) born Tafari Makonnen 23 July 1892 – 27 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974.
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